Examples are nephrectomy (removal of a kidney) and nephrolithotomy (removal of kidney stones).

Bladder Surgery : This involves surgeries for conditions such as bladder cancer, bladder stones, and interstitial cystitis. Procedures might include cystectomy (removal of the bladder) and bladder reconstruction.

Prostate Surgery : Common for treating prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Examples include prostatectomy (removal of the prostate) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

Urethral Surgery : This targets issues affecting the urethra, such as strictures (narrowing) or trauma. Techniques might include urethroplasty (repair of the urethra).

Reconstructive Urology : This involves reconstructive surgeries to restore normal function or appearance in cases of congenital abnormalities, trauma, or previous surgeries.

Minimally Invasive Techniques : Many urologic procedures are performed using laparoscopic or robotic-assisted techniques, which can reduce recovery time and minimize complications.

Endourology : This subspecialty deals with the use of endoscopes to diagnose and treat conditions of the urinary tract, including ureteroscopy (for stones or tumors in the ureters) and cystoscopy (examination of the bladder).

Urologic surgeons work closely with other specialists, such as oncologists, nephrologists, and radiologists, to provide comprehensive care tailored to the specific needs of their patients.